Types of Competition - 1000 Words

Economic theory usually differentiates across the four major types of market structure: monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and perfect competition. Although the list of market structures can be virtually unlimited, these four types are considered to be the basis for understanding the principles of market performance in different market conditions. Each of the four types of market structures possesses its benefits and drawbacks. In any of these markets, an entrepreneur can develop a strategy appropriate for conquering a part of the market niche. Although for many entrepreneurs monopoly seems an excellent choice (no competitors and full control over the product and its price), in reality it is monopolistic competition that†¦show more content†¦In perfect competition, no barriers to entry or exit exist, and firms are free to move across their markets. Certainly, perfect competition seems a perfect choice for customers, while monopoly will seem like a perfect choice for entrepreneurs – no competition, full price control, and full control over the product assortment. However, as an entrepreneur, I would rather choose monopolistic competition. My choice is justified by several reasons. Fist of all, monopoly prevents entrepreneurs from entering the market, while monopolistic competition markets are free for entry, and as an entrepreneur I may enter any market I deem appropriate and effective in terms of maximizing my profits. Second, monopoly does give some control over prices and product assortment, but in the current world, customers always seek to diversify the range of products they use. Monopoly does not leave any chance for differentiation, and as an entrepreneur I will always want to have several different products that will be sold to several different groups of consumers. Finally, it is due to the fact that competition drives innovation and gives me sufficient stimuli for growth that I can make my business grow. As such, in conditi ons of monopolistic competition I may have fewer opportunities for maximizing my profits for the sake of full control over prices and assortment, but I am more confident that my business will grow for the account of better customer satisfactionShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types of Competition1112 Words   |  4 PagesPure Competition: Pure competition involves number of companies or firms manufacturing similar or identical goods. In such pure competition the firms have no control over the prices. These companies are often termed as Price Takers. The pricing strategy is no in hands of the company it is determined by market forces. The firms operating in a pure competition manufacture standardized products which do not offer them a chance to differentiate their products on the basis of some unique feature ofRead MoreThe Types Of Market, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, And Monopoly803 Words   |  4 Pagesthe video which discusses the four types of markets: perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. In order to review this effectively there must be an understanding of the terms. According to our text, perfect competition involves products competing clients and that they offer corporations less potential profits than imperfectly competitive markets do. (Bryd, Hickman and McPheson, ) The text also referenced imperfect competition and this is when entry is restrictedRead MoreA Qualitative Analysis of the Types of Goals Athletes Set in Training and Competition: Article Summary1598 Words   |  6 PagesSummary of an Article: A Qualitative Analysis of the Types of Goals Athletes Set in Training and Competition Validity and Reliability In order for research to be reliable, other researchers must be able to perform the same experiment and achieve the same results (Shuttleworth, 2008). The reliability of this study is unknown at this point. In the past, researchers have used quantitative methods to try to find out the feelings that athletes have had about goal-setting. This survey method hasRead MorePlant Competition1284 Words   |  6 PagesPlant Competition INTRODUCTION This experiment was used to show the different types of competition between species. Competition was defined as being a â€Å"relationship between members of the same or different species in which individuals are adversely affected by those having the same living requirements, such as food or space† (Competition 2010). There are two different types of competition that we will be observing during this experiment. The first type would be intraspecific, which means â€Å"competitionRead MoreCompetition : A Theory Of Competition Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesa. Theory of Competition Competition in the economic sphere denotes the process of rivalry between firms for the patronage of customers. The European Commission defines competition as a situation in which firms or sellers â€Å"independently strive for buyers’ patronage in order to achieve aparticular business objective, for example, profits, sales, or marketshare†7. Richard Whish refers to competition in the commercial world as â€Å"a striving for the custom and business of people in the market place†8.Read MoreTypes of Market Environments and the Internets Affect907 Words   |  4 PagesWhen determining what type of market environment that businesses operate within today, one must decide what segment of the market is being targeted. Whether it is the agricultural industry, the retail sales industry, the automotive industry or the utilities industry, each market has its own type of business environment that it operates under. In recent years, the emergence of the Internet has shifte d the balance of power in most industries. In order to explain today’s market environment clearlyRead MoreThe Types Of Market Structures1640 Words   |  7 Pagesexpress the barriers that they may face with entering. There are four types of competition across various market structures. The types of competition are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Each types of market structures are a direct reflection of the current economic market state. When a company assesses market structures, the company must conduct proper research on the customers, competition, and costs. Understanding the current nature of the economy is instrumentalRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures: Whole Foods1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe different types of market structures. The markets have different characteristics, which determine the strategies applied by the various organizations in the continuum (Etro, 2009). Different types of market structures In the field of microeconomics, the market structure of an organization determines the performance of the organization within the industry. There are different types of market structures practiced today. Among these market structures include the perfect competition structure (MillerRead MoreCompetition and Basic Needs Essay examples1143 Words   |  5 Pagesa society. There are many different types of social interaction but competition is a main one that is very present in societies today. Competition is the act of competing against someone or something when a resource or action is needed and there is a low supply of it. Competition is not only found between two or more people but also in a variety of other areas in society. Unbroken, a novel written by Laura Hilenbaug, talks about various aspects of competition in society. She talks about the strugglesRead MoreA Human Resources Value Analysis1398 Words   |  6 PagesA Human Resources Value Analysis of Canada’s Top 100 Empl oyers, Best Employers in Canada, and The Queen’s Competition This human resources study will recommend two of the largest promotional competitions for business rankings found in Canada’s Top 100 Employers and Best Employers in Canada. These competitions define the most efficient workplace environment, which produce the most productive and efficient corporate communities. The one important aspect of Canada’s Top 100 Employers defines the most

Fascist Italy and Population Essay - 757 Words

Overall, the fascist experiment in Italy was a failure. Benito Mussolini aimed to make the world safe for the middle class, small business owners, property owners, and people in the agricultural area. Through this, Mussolini gained support of the majority of the population. There is no doubt that most of the support was actually the work of propaganda and rhetoric rather than the ‘real thing. The government made desperate attempts to significantly increase the birthrate in Italy. In 1927, Mussolini launched the Battle for births. The task of young women was to get married quickly and have a lot of children. And the more children they get, the more benefits they get from the government. Mussolinis population policy failed to produce†¦show more content†¦The women in Italy who had unusual numbers of children lived in hardship and poverty while they were still under pressure from the public and the government to have more children. Mussolinis big plan was to have all the m en serving the military and the women working in the domestic sphere. Mussolinis daughter, Edda Mussolini Ciano, was asked to return to Italy from China in Document 7. She did not appreciate Mussolinis request at all because he told her to leave just to be asked to become pregnant again. I was angry to have been forced to leave that spellbinding, magical country and to be pregnant againÂ… In Document 10, a mother of 11 children who is living in poor conditions writing to the daughter of Mussolini that she is in need for help. In Document 11, an average middle class is shown. It is a family of fourteen people of all ages, from infants to adults. Most of the men in the photo seems like they are either working for Mussolini or serving the army. Mussolini, seeing as how his dream for Italy was becoming a failure, resorted to statistics. In Document 4, fascists saw that fat women are more capable of producing children than that of normal women. They therefore called for a Battle for the fat and targeted mainly women who weighed at least 300 pounds. In Document 2, Pietro Battera, a demographer, points out that the economy conditions in Italy was in no way suitable for Italy to have a higher and stable population thanShow MoreRelatedLife in the Italy in the 1930s1138 Words   |  5 PagesLife in Italy in the 1930’s Life in Italy in the 1930’s caused difficulty to some Italians during that time period. During the 1930’s a large number of Italians who had opposed the fascist rule of Benito Mussolini arrived in the United States. After the news spread in Italy about the bombing of Pearl Harbour almost all Italians supported the war against Benito Mussolini. At this point, Italy was slowly becoming under the Nazi rule, the significance of a woman’s role in Italy was emphasised asRead MoreHow Far Mussolini Succeeded in Creating a Nation of Fascists Essay879 Words   |  4 PagesMussolini Succeeded in Creating a Nation of Fascists Mussolini became priminister in 1922. By 1925 he was the head of a stable government supported by conservatives, the catholic church and the king, His aim for the future was to create his own dictatorship, where Mussolini had complete control and was an all powerful dictator whom people aspired to. By 1926 Mussolini achieved his ambition of making himself the dictator of Italy. And parliament was fully under his controlRead MoreThe Fascists’ Control of Italy and their Social and Economic Policies1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fascists’ social and economic policies up to 1939 significantly aided their control over Italy yet may not be cited as the sole cause. The Fascist party’s social and economic policies along with other factors attributed to the overall control of Italy. Through such policies it was a certainty that the Fascist party would hold complete power over the population of Italy in each aspect of an individual’s life whether it was their leisure time through the Dopolavoro or at work under the corporateRead MoreNazi Germany - Fascist Italy Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesDuring a world economic crisis, two similar totalitarian regimes were able to emerge in Germany and Italy. The fascist party was led by Benito Mussolini in Italy, while the National socialists were led by Adolf Hitler in Germany. The education played a key role in these two nati ons, as since the future of Italy and Germany was in the schools. The public image of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini were key factors in the popularity of the two leaders. Propaganda was an essential tool in both countriesRead MoreThe Role of Control and Propaganda in Mussolini’s Reign and Their Importance1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdominated Italy for many years. He saw them to be weak and wanted to be the ruler of a one party state. From 1922 to 1929, he gradually destroyed all possible alternates to the Fascist regime. From, 1922 to 1923, Mussolini steadily built up his own power in the government. He placed loyal Fascists in key government positions, created the Voluntary Fascist Militia for National Security, and promoted the Grand Council of Fascism, the highest authority of the Fascist PartyRead MoreThe main factors that enabled Mussolini to rise to power, and consolidate his position in Italy between 1918 and 1929.1235 Words   |  5 Pagesunification in Italy, the Risorgimento, had largely been completed territorially, but not in any other respect. The vast majority of the population still felt no real attachment to Italy at all, as a result of Italy s continuing weakness as a cultural, industrial, military, and colonial power compared to older European states. This resulted in a deepening national inferiority complex and led to various projects for the renewal of nationalism, both from the extreme left and the extreme right. Italy was promisedRead MoreBenito Mussolini, AKA Il Dulce806 Words   |  3 Pagesto the world that he could be a successful ruler as well. Mussolini came to power and remained in power primarily due to the actions of the Italian Blackshirts. As the Blackshirts maintained law and order, terrorized political opponents, defended I taly, and marched on Rome, Mussolini successfully ruled as dictator. Controlled and led by Mussolini, the Italian Blackshirts also known as the Squadre d’ Azione, were made up of war veterans and young people led by ringleaders. The Blackshirt uniformRead MoreMussolini s Main Goals For Italy1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Holocaust. Italy, under the rule of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, was one of the many countries who turned her back on the Jewish people. Because of political, social and economic reasons, Italy was a bystander to the heinous crimes inflicted on the Jewish population. Benito Mussolini took control of the Italian government in 1922, and ruled until 1943. Under Mussolini’s rule, democratic institutions were shut down. The shutdown of democratic institutions resulted in a Fascist dictatorshipRead MoreHistory Of Italy s Liberation Day Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesoccur to a country in the past shape how the country is today. In Italy there is a day that represents a very important movement in history. Italy s liberation day is celebrated to remember the fallen fighting during WWII, and in the Resistance. This day was a day that marked a dictatorship to fall, and a much needed improvement to occur on Italy. The date is April 25, Italy s Liberation Day. Every year on this day not only Italy but all around, people gather from far and near to celebrate thisRead MoreHow the Coming and Going of Fascism Affected the Tourism Industry in Italy1359 Words   |  5 Pagesby the mistakes of Fascism. Italy had remained a poor country during Fascism, destroying the progress after the First World War and eventually coming out of it after Fascism with the knowledge of the need for international currency in the economy. The economy and the people of Italy all were affected by the need and growth of tourism during the rise and fall of the Fascist regime. The arrival of the First World War had a huge impact on the tourism business of Italy and helped set the precedent

The uk authorities and the cfa criminal law and civil law Free Essays

string(114) " determining whether or not behaviour amounts to market abuse,8 and to impose penalties in cases of market abuse\." Introduction Insider dealing is considered to be legally and morally wrong by the UK authorities and the CFA. In UK, both criminal law and civil law cover the regulation for insider dealing,many investment analysts who are the members of CFA Institute behave under the CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. Before the description and effectiveness analysis of UK laws and CFA ethical rules which regulate insider dealing, it is necessary to discuss the reasons for regulating insider dealing. We will write a custom essay sample on The uk authorities and the cfa criminal law and civil law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although there are many arguments and reasons against regulation, it is generally acknowledged that insider dealing is detrimental to common investors, listed companies and stock market. Firstly, stock market is a just, fair and open market, but insider dealing violates this essential principle. With a convenience access to insider information, some use the information to trade in the market, it is not fair for other investors without access to insider information; Insider dealing makes the few profitable and the great majority unprofitable, it is not just; Insider information is not public and open for every investors. Secondly, insider dealing causes losses for investors by misleading them. To some extent, this would discourage investment by undermining investor confidence in stock market and even scare investors away. Thirdly, insider dealing does incalculable harm to reputation and market value of company. When a company scandal of insider dealing is exposed publicly, investors p robably believe that they have been treated unequally even cheated by this company, so investors will lose confidence in this company, causing damages to company reputation. Moreover, common investors lack of capital, time and professional skill, on purpose of risk reduction, they are willing to buy stock of the company with good reputation and without scandals of insider dealing. For the whole stock market, if there are no regulations for insider dealing, it cannot function normally and healthily, because investors will lose confidence in the fairness and profitability of stock market and then decrease and even stop doing transactions to prevent them from being victims of insider dealing. Finally, insider dealing may bring about moral hazard problem. Overall, there is no doubt that regulations for insider dealing are essential. In UK, insider dealing is regulated under the criminal law by Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 (â€Å"the 1993 Act†). The structure of part V of â€Å"the 1993 Act† is shown below: Table of Contents of part V of â€Å"the 1993 Act†1 The offence of insider dealing 52. The offence. 53. Defences. Interpretation 54. Securities to which Part V applies. 55. â€Å"Dealing† in securities. 56. â€Å"Inside information†, etc. 57. â€Å"Insiders†. 58. Information â€Å"made public†. 59. â€Å"Professional intermediary†. 60. Other interpretation provisions. Miscellaneous 61. Penalties and prosecution. 62. Territorial scope of offence of insider dealing. 63. Limits on section 52. 64. Orders. S52 and S53 state the general definition of the offence of insider dealing, and in what circumstances, an individual who has information as an insider is (not) guilty of insider dealing. If an individual who has information as an insider, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3), deals in securities that are price-affected securities in relation to the information; encourages another person to deal in those securities; discloses the information to another person improperly, he is guilty of insider dealing.2 If an individual has information as an insider shows that he did not at the time expect the dealing to result in a profit; he believed on reasonable grounds that the information had been disclosed widely; he would have done what he did even if he had not had the information; he did not at the time expect any person, because of the disclosure, to deal in securities in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3), he is not guilty of insider dealing.3 The sections of â€Å"Interpretation† expound the definition and explanation of several terms for the purposes of this Part. Briefly speaking, these sections tell us what are securities and â€Å"dealing† in securities mentioned in this part; what is â€Å"insider information† and information â€Å"made public†; who is â€Å"insider† and â€Å"professional intermediary†; interpretations of other terms such as â€Å"regulated market†, â€Å"issuer†, â€Å"company† and â€Å"public sector body†. S61 states the penalties for an individual guilty of insider dealing: on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both; on conviction on indictment, to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years or to both.4 It also states that proceedings for offences under this Part shall be instituted in England and Wales by or with the consent of the Secretary of State or the Director of Public Prosecutions.5 S62 states that an individual is guilty of an offence of insider dealing if: he was within the United Kingdom at the time of alleged dealing; the regulated market on which the dealing is alleged to have occurred is regulated in the United Kingdom; the professional intermediary was within the United Kingdom at the time of the offence committed; the alleged recipient of the information or encouragement was within the United Kingdom at the time of receiving the information or encouragement.6 In UK, the system of civil law of insider dealing involves legislations of â€Å"Financial Services and Markets Act 2000(FSMA)†, â€Å"The Code of Market Conduct of FSA (Financial Services Authority)† and â€Å"The Market Abuse Directive Instrument 2005 of FSA†. First of all, Part VIII of â€Å"FSMA† created the ‘civil offence’ of â€Å"market abuse† which includes insider dealing. According to Section 1 in Part I of â€Å"FSMA†, the body corporate known as the Financial Services Authority (â€Å"the Authority†) is to have the functions conferred on it by or under this Act.7 This means that â€Å"FSA† is the regulator of the financial services industry in the UK, given statutory powers by the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. Part VIII of â€Å"FSMA† states the general definition of market abuse, and gives the authority power to prepare and issue a code containing such provisions as the Authority consi ders will give appropriate guidance to those determining whether or not behaviour amounts to market abuse,8 and to impose penalties in cases of market abuse. You read "The uk authorities and the cfa criminal law and civil law" in category "Essay examples" It also gives the authority power to investigate and court power to impose penalty in cases of market abuse. In the next place, â€Å"The Code of Market Conduct† given by FSA provides us the descriptions of different behaviours of market abuse. As the description stated in â€Å"The Code of Market Conduct†, insider dealing is where an insider deals, or attempts to deal, in a qualifying investment or related investment on the basis of inside information relating to the investment in question.9 In the sector of MAR 1.3 Market abuse (insider dealing), it provides several descriptions of behaviours and relevant factors and some examples of insider dealing, which give appropriate guidance to those determining whether or not behaviour amounts to insider dealing. Finally, about â€Å"The Market Abuse Directive†, â€Å"FSA† makes this instrument in the exercise of the powers and related provisions in relevant sections of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 and defining terms of market abuse. Overall, â€Å"FSMA† is a frame Act, and gives the power to â€Å"FSA† to publish the â€Å"Code on Market Conduct† which has been amended to implement the â€Å"Market Abuse Directive†. As a professional organisation, CFA Institute has issued self regulatory â€Å"Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct† for their members and candidates. In the first place, standard I (A) provides that members and candidates must understand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations of any government, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing their professional activities. In the event of conflict, members and candidates must comply with the more strict law, rule, or regulation. Members and candidates must not knowingly participate or assist in and must dissociate from any violation of such laws, rules, or regulations.10 So the members and candidates of CFA in UK are responsible for understanding and complying with UK criminal law and civil law of insiderdealing. Next, standard II (A) provides that members and candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information.11 According to S56 of the â€Å"1993 Act†, the material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment is insider information, and according to S57 of the â€Å"1993 Act†, those members and candidates who possess insider information are insiders. Specifically, guidance for Standard II (A) gives members and candidates of CFA below contents for more attention. (1)Members and candidates must be particularly aware of information that is selectively disclosed by corporations to a small group of investors, analysts, or other market participants. Information that is made available to analysts remains nonpublic until it is made available to investors in general. Corporations that disclose information on a limited basis create the potential for insider trading violations.12 (2)Issues of selective disclosure often arise when a corporate insider provides material information to analysts in a briefing or c onference call before that information is released to the public. Analysts must be aware that a disclosure made to a room full of analysts does not necessarily make the disclosed information â€Å"public†. Analysts should also be alert to the possibility that they are selectively receiving material nonpublic information when a company provides them with guidance or interpretationof such publicly available information as financial statements or regulatory filings.13 (3) A financial analyst gathers and interprets large quantities of information from many sources. The analyst may use significant conclusions derived from the analysis of public and nonmaterial nonpublic information as the basis for investment recommendations and decisions even if those conclusions would have been material inside information had they been communicated directly to the analyst by a company. Under the â€Å"mosaic theory,† financial analysts are free to act on this collection, or mosaic, of inf ormation without risking violation.14 Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 defines insider dealing as criminal offence, it is universally known that criminal offence is very severe illegal-activity, so to some degree just the existence of this criminal law of insider dealing can stifle some criminal offences of insider dealing. In event of insider dealing, this criminal would punish an individual who committed insider dealing to indirectly protect other investors without any compensation, but this indirect protection is not effectively enough. When control rights are concentrated, the restrictions may simply transfer profits from insiders to informed outsiders, leaving uninformed investors no better-off, unless the regulator ensures a concomitant improvement in investor protection standards.14 On the other hand, there are some problems and difficulties enforce this criminal law. First, insider dealing is happened in private and secret by just a phone call, a chat or something which do not leave any actual evidence, so if without effectively investigative techniques it is very difficult to detect or to collect evidence. Even though this can be done, the process will be costly. Moreover, for an individual who seriously committed insider dealing, fines and seven-year sentences is too light when compared with millions of pounds profit. UK civil law in some cases supplements criminal law, FSA can impose penalties of return of profit and restitution for those who can establish loss, but actually few victims can prove loss. CFA code of ethics and standards are self-regulations which have their own strengthens and weaknesses. There are six factors of self-regulation strengthen: flexibility, speed, expertise, acceptance, cost-efficiency, cross-border application, and of its weaknesses: contestability of markets, competitive distortions, insufficient scope, inadequate enforcement, regulatory arbitrage, conflicts of interest.15 Total word: 1912 (excluding word count, references, footnotes, endnotes, and bibliography) BIBLIOGRAPHY Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 Part I of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 Part VIII of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 The Code of Market Conduct in Financial Services Authority Handbook Market Abuse Directive Instruments of Financial Services Authority CFA Study Session 1 Eva Hupkes, Journal of Business Law 2009 Regulation, self-regulation or co-regulation? Art A. Durnev and Amrita S. Nain, The Effectiveness of Insider Trading Regulation Around the Globe How to cite The uk authorities and the cfa criminal law and civil law, Essay examples

Christology Essay Example For Students

Christology Essay Christology‘In relation to the humanity, he is one and the same Christ, the son, the Lord, the Only Begotten, who is to be acknowledged in two natures, without confusion, without change, without division and without separation.’ Creed of Chalcedon (A.D. 451)For thousands of years the true nature of Jesus Christ has been widely debated. Christology is the theology devoted to studying the human and divine natures and roles of Jesus Christ. Many interpretations and viewpoints have been formed and disputed since the death of Christ up to present times. Three major councils were organized to discuss the teachings and understandings of Jesus early in the first millennium. The discussions at Nicaea (A.D. 325), Constantinople (A.D. 381), and Chalcedon (A.D. 451) were developed into creeds that explained their belief in terms of the nature of Christ. These three creeds insisted that Christ was fully a man and fully God, not one or the other or part of both. There were many other early perspectives of Christology in the Christian church. Each viewpoint had its individual varying forms and degrees. These are the basic convictions of the most prominent ones: Docetism: This doctrine preached that Christ was of a divine nature and only seemed to have a human form. He appeared to suffer on the cross but was in fact incapable of feeling human misery. The viewpoint stems from one that insists all matter is evil (dualism); therefore, Christ could simply not be human because he could not be evil. The name derives from the Greek word, dokein, †to seem, to appear.† It was finally denounced at the Council of Chalcedon. Arianism: Arius, a priest in Alexandria, taught that Christ was part of the Trinity, but not as divine as God. Since God supposedly created Christ, he could surely not be as holy as him. It was acknowledged that Christ was not of a human nature, but not of a total divine nature either. He existed simply by the will of God. This viewpoint was denounced at both the Councils of Nicea and Constantinople. Adoptionism (Ebionism): The idea of a Trinity was opposed in this doctrine. The Adoptionists contend that Christ was a man who was adopted by God and made holy at his baptism. He first had a human nature, and developed into a deity after he was baptized. After several tries, Adoptionism was successfully denounced at the end of the 8th century. Patripassianism: The Patripassians believe that God manifested himself as a Man through Christ his son, and that they are truly the same divine being. The word Patripassian comes from the Latin words, patris, â€Å"Father†, and passus, †Å"to suffer.†Nestorianism: Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople, preached that Christ had two separate natures, human and divine, which acted together in an individual but were never actually united. He also refused to acknowledge Mary as the Mother of God because Christ was born as a man. This was denounced and Nestorius exiled from the empire. Apollinarianism: Apollinarius, a bishop of Laodicea, taught that Christ was of a human nature whose body was inhabited by a divine soul. The divine nature actually took over the earthly mind and in this way, Christ became a glorified model of humanity. Although several councils condemned this doctrine, it survived until the 5th century. Monophysitism: The general belief of this doctrine is that Christ had only a divine nature. There are four basic methods that this was taught: the divine nature overtook the human nature; the divine nature was overshadowed by the humanity of Christ; an exclusive nature was formed by the combination of the human and divine natures; or there is a balance between the two that cannot be questioned. .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .postImageUrl , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:hover , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:visited , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:active { border:0!important; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:active , .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44 .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u649cdae6b2f57afcd0b0b2ceff131f44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Broken Wing EssayGnosticism: Generally, this held that spirit is good, matter (including humanity) is bad, and salvation can only be achieved as spirit is separated from matter by means of a higher knowledge. Christ came from God as an inferior being but could not have had an earthly body because it would have been evil. There are two variations here: that Christ only appeared to have a body, or that Christ took over the body of a man who had died. Marcionism: Marcion, son of the bishop of Sinope, disputed traditional Jewish teachings.

Fifth Business Essays (640 words) - Fifth Business,

Fifth Business Fifth Business In the essay Fifth Business, each of the main character traits is developed more and more clearly throughout their lives. Childhood characteristics are evident in the characters of Dustan Ramsay, Percy Boyd Stauton and Paul Dempster. All paranoia, and memories of the town of Deptford are resurfaced in each of them after they all had left to start lives on their own. It was childhood that scared or marked them as people and the fact that parents often have influence on children so, there is no question that these characters were definitely influenced by the parents in Deptford. Also, it is evident that each character seems to run away due to the insecurities that they faced as children. Dunstan ran from his guilt, Percy for his status and ego and Paul from his challenges as a misfit. Each seemed to wander like nomads throughout their lives, while these insecurities where never faced or challenged so they could change their point of views. It was what seemed to be instilled within them like, the theory that the first five years of childhood shape the personalities of individuals. This is certainly evident in the novel at the beginning to the end. Dunstan s childhood was affected deeply through each situation he faced as a young man, to a highly respected professor. He felt he was the center of all bad things, which occurred around him. Mrs. Demsters accident was the main influence of his guilt because he felt that he was additionally responsible because he was present with Percy at the incident with the snowball. Hell and torment at once; but at least you know where you stand. It is living with these guilty secrets that exacts the price. (Davies,18) It was merely the fact that Dunstan lived with the guilt because he felt that it was his punishment. But more so, the punishment that Percy would not accept, so he seemed to accepted it on his behalf. With relation to this aspect of Dunstans guilty childhood, there was also the relevance of his character, as he grew to be older man of intelligence. This evidence is shown clearly through his work and attitudes, starting with his quiet and overly concerned nature. With Diana, he delayed to tell her how he really felt, only because he wanted to spare her the anguish. As well, he did not respond to the strange visits at the Stauntons because they were both life long friends. Dunstan also plunged into his beliefs in the connection of saints and Mrs. Dempster . He seemed to welcome it, and it was also one of the main influences of his writing as a professor. In expansion to Mrs. Dempsters influence of his work, there was also the inspiration of Paul and his oddities that inspired him in a biography to do other works. So guilt was the largest and most ironic influence of Dunstans experiences as a child, and as a man. Percys childhood was affected in conjunction to Dunstans and Pauls lives. His character as a boy was somewhat of the same as when he was older. After he left Deptford, Percy also changed his name: He was now Boy Staunton, and it suited him admirably. (108) Along with his character, his name ironically reflected his childhood. He threw the snowball at Mrs. Dempster, then ran away. Percy cheated on his wife, and delayed at the fact that it was an immoral thing to do. Then after his marriage did not work out, he then again ran away, leaving even his cherished daughter behind. No doubt these actions reflected an immaturity that could only be from a young boy who took no punishment or responsibility of his actions. In Pauls childhood, Book Reports

Tapsihan Essays

Tapsihan Essays Tapsihan Essay Tapsihan Essay KAHITSAN (Sizzling Tapsihan) By: Camille Hazel Diaz To: Ms. Girlie L. Fernandez A thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Marketing Management ABE International Business College-Fairview March 20, 2013 INTRODUCTION Tapsilog is an original dish of the Filipinos which became a favorite since it was first created. Tap means tapa, Si means sinangag or fried rice and Log for itlog or egg. This kind of food is popular for Filipinos due to its tenderness and tastiness with the combination of fried rice and egg. Kahitsan is small eatery concept offering high quality yet affordable traditional Filipino food. It was originated from the word Kahit Saan, the word we used to hear every time we ask someone where they want to eat. This concept was build to let the people know that Kahit Saan also exist as a small eatery providing wide varieties of filipino dishes. Kahitsan is located at the eastern end of Claro M. Recto Avenue due to high density of colleges and universities found in the area. It serves a variety of mouth-watering Sizzling Silog Meals such as TapSiLog, ToSiLog, CornSiLog, SigSiLog, PorkSiLog, BurgerSiLog, HotSiLog, ChixSiLog, and LongSiLog with a combination of Bulalo Soup. The gravy made it even more delicious and serves it on a sizzling plate. We offered a delicious and affordable price that gives a satisfaction to our customer that they surely get what they paid off. THESIS STATEMENT Nowadays, people tend to eat outside due to busy days. Some students were not able to bring their own baon especially colleges. KahitSan provides services to valuable customers. Our main target market are students and other professionals who work near into our location. Kahitsan maintains product consistency to provide the customers the same high quality they received every time they go to our place. Our strategy is to build more customers in order to increase revenue. Unlike other small eatery, kahitsan have separate take-out counter for those customers who prefer to eat at different place, this will also be an advantage because kahitsan will be able to receive additional income even the place were full of customers. We also provide loyalty cards for an effective way of increasing sales from a specific customer. This card will be showed when they order to us. Effectiveness of this card is due to the provided sense of and it additional value to customers gives the feeling of value. SALES TECHNIQUES Kahitsan’s strategy is based on delivering a strong customer value proposition in a niche market. Our location is full of colleges and professionals that do not have endless opportunities for dining out. Our competitive edge is to be the first eatery â€Å"tapsilogan† along Claro M. Recto Avenue, in a friendly, non-smoking, customer-oriented dine in experience and first to have its separate takeout counter. To drive customers to Kahitsan, we will employ several techniques outlined below. * Coupon – coupon will be given to people who passed by our store to inform them about our menus. * Flyers will be used for the advertisements which bring in customers. * (Word of Mouth) Encourage customers to become regular customers, and to tell all their friends and acquaintances about the great experiences and time that they shared to us. * Facebook Fan Page is an essential tool to promote my business. * Barkada Meals good for 3 to 5 persons. SALES OPERATION/SERVICES Kahitsan will be operating for 14 hours from 7am in the morning up to 9pm in the evening. We’ll be planning to open our store ahead from our competitors so early risers will tend to eat breakfast in our place. Our products will be served fast and ready to consume and will be an alternative to the usual fast-food options available in todays market. Kahitsan will not operate its business on Sundays to give our employees a rest. Checking of inventories on Sundays will be an advantage so we will know the food supplies we need to replenish for the whole 6 days operation. Take-out counter – Kahitsan will be providing a separate takeout counter for those customer who wants to buy our products and serves as â€Å" pasalubong† for their families, friends and colleague * 15 tables (good for 4 persons) – Kahitsan will be having 15 tables with a minimum of 4 chairs each table to suits those customers who came with their friends. It is better to provide a large no. of tables instead of a few which pushed the others to find another place instead of waiting others to finish eating. POS (Point of sale) system – All sales data will be logged on our POS system so we can track our sales automatically instead of just writing it on a paper. * Loyalty cards: After 10 meals purchased, the 11th will be less 50% discount. * Bulletin Kahitsan – kahitsan will be announcing some promos to be posted in our bulletin. MENU: Tapsilog P40. 00 Chicksilog P45. 00 Hotsilog P40. 00 Sigsilog P45. 00 Barkada Meal P95 Silog MealsPriceDrinksPrice TosilogP40. 00 Coke 8ozP12. 00 Cornisilog P40. 00Coke 1L P30. 00 LongsilogP40. 00Mountain Dew P20. 00 Burgersilog P45. 0Mineral Water P12. 00 Porksilog P45. 00Water P0. 00 PROFIT SALES: per dayper month Tapsilog P40 x 30 = P1200 P32400 Longsilog P40 x 8 =P320 P8640 Hotsilog P40 x 7 =P280 P7560 Cornsilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Tosilog P40 x 5 =P200 P5400 Chicksilog P45 x 20 =P900 P24300 Sigsilog P45 x 25 =P1125 P30275 Por ksilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Burgersilog P45 x 10 =P450 P12150 Barkada Meal P95 x 5 =P475 P12825 Extra Rice P8 x 80 =P640 P17280 Coke 8oz P12 x 10 =P120 P3240 Coke/Sprite 1L P30 x 5 =P150 P4050 Mountain Dew P20 x 3 =P60 P1620 Mineral Water P12 X10 =P120 P3240 TOTAL GROSS SALES:P6690 P180630 EXPENSES: EquipmentsP25000 Rent ExpenseP12000 Salary ExpenseP25000 Food Supplies ExpenseP55000 Utilities ExpenseP4000 Miscellaneous ExpenseP10000 TOTAL:P121000 SALESP180630 Less:EXPENSESP121000 NET PROFIT:P59630 (monthly) CONCLUSION: KahitSan is strategically located at Claro M. Recto Avenue serving not only large no. of students but professionals as well. KahitSan will be providing a hassle free service to all our valued customer especially for those who finds place to eat and just relax for a little time. Our main goal is to gain more customers and retain those that patronize our service by giving them an excellent customer service. Responsible profit will fairly compensate and reward employees for their hard work, loyalty and commitment. Kahitsan will find different ways that will make our customers satisfied with our service. The market will definitely respond and grow quickly on the next 3 years and establish 2 store locations in different place. BIBLIOGRAPHY bplans. com/healthy_restaurant_business_plan entrepreneur. com. ph/board/index. php? action=search2 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/University_Belt

A literature review on the increase of depression in adolescents Essay

A literature review on the increase of depression in adolescents - Essay Example Depression has been a problem since the beginning of time. There are many different types of depression, but the cause, symptoms, and treatment are all similar. The history of depression can be traced back to the prehistoric time. The Hebrews thought that it was a punishment for sins and if one repented the priests could cure it (Hyde and Forsyth, 2002). Hypocrites, of fourth century B.C., said that the "humours"(blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile) were unbalanced. Claudius Galen, a Roman physician of second century A.D., wrote on Melancholia. This helped improve theories of depression was the result of demons. Around the 1790s Benjamin Rush started introducing the thought that people with depression were sick and needed medical treatment not abuse. Sigmund Freud helped the public understand that depression "comes from anger turned against oneself." Now, in the twenty-first century, doctors know that depression comes from a chemical imbalance in the brain (Hyde and Forsyth, 2002) Learning disabilities or conduct disorder can put a child in greater risk of depression. Therefore, treating one problem and ignoring the other will not help the child overcome their difficulties (Fassler 1997). Family must also play a major role in helping their depressed adolescent. Until the last decade, the commonly held view has been that depression affected persons in their middle years, and did not occur in childhood or adolescence. A lot has changed in the past decade. Due to systematic follow-up studies of children under treatment, and depressed parents, the onset of depression occurs during adolescence, and must be treated during adolescence (Weissman 1998). Depression has a wide range of symptoms, from being sad or mad to withdrawal from others, or lashing out at others. Symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Attention Deficit Disorder

The Country of the Pointed Firs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Country of the Pointed Firs - Coursework Example As with the attachment to their mothers, the duality of living the part assigned to them by society and at the same time resisting it makes the life of a woman that much more interesting for artists to portray in their pieces of work. Thus, the daughter has a special relationship with their mothers as evidenced by the fact that the mother is the one who has to make her â€Å"learn the paces†. But, her relationship with the father is one of subordinating herself as well as receiving special treatment because she is a woman. The other interesting point is the way in which women treat the rooms in their homes. The living room is for common purposes and where men go about their business. The kitchen is the place where women rule the roost. But the parlor room is where they come into their own because of the inherent dualities as listed in the book. In conclusion, the contention of the author is that women by leading dual lives lend themselves to the symbolic discourse of the mainstream society and this is a fascinating study in contrast for anyone who wishes to delve deeper into the psyche of

Atlantic Slave Trade and Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Atlantic Slave Trade and Christianity - Essay Example 213). After its abolition by the start of the 19th century, slavery materialized in the South as product of the trans-Atlantic trade. Christianity by then was already present because of the European settlers and colonizers in the New World. Issues have been raised pertaining to the legality of slavery in the laws of God compared to the laws of man and the society. From these things, a question emerges: "What is the legacy the Atlantic slave trade brought to the white and black Christians" In order to address this question, this paper gives a background of the Atlantic slave trade including the main places who participated in the triangular trade. It also mentions the role of Christianity in assessing slave-ownership and slave trade in America. Nathan Nunn (2005) reports the total slave exports from Africa in the year 1410 up to 1913 as shown in Figure 1. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade has the highest African slave exports with a total of 12.7 million slaves. It is followed by the Trans-Saharan trade with approximately 3 million exports. The Red Sea and Indian Ocean trades have 1.3 million and 1.1 million respectively. He also showed the top African countries that have the highest slave exports in the same duration. Nigeria, Zaire and Angola are the three highest slave exporting countries with a total of almost 2 million exported slaves each (12 percent). (Nunn 2005) Figure 1 The Triangular Trade An important feature surrounding the trans-Atlantic trade is the triangular trade. In 1450 until the latter part of the 19th century, the African slaves were acquired by the European countries like Portugal from West Africa. The kings and merchants in Africa fully supported the routine because they got different varieties of trade goods like beads, cowrie shells, textiles, brandy, horses and guns. This process describes the first side of the triangular trade. From West Africa, the acquired African slaves were transported to the New World. This represents the middle or the second side of the triangular trade. This part of the trade was the worst for the African slaves because they suffered malnutrition and new diseases en-route to the New World. After reaching the New World, the slaves worked on different plantations. The final products: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses, and rum were shipped to Europe. This scheme is the final side of the triangular trade.1 B. Main Actors Portugal In the year 1502, there were reports of the existence of African slaves in the New World or now the Unites States of America. Portugal was regarded in that time as the country that held a monopoly of African slaves for almost 200 years starting from 1440 up to 1640. The Portuguese played a major role in exporting the slaves from Africa during the span of time. For almost four and a half centuries, Portugal had exported an approximate number of 4.5 million African slaves accounting to 40 percent of the overall number.2 Britain Britain also participated in the trans-Atlantic slave trade although later it instituted the banning of slave trade. In the early decades of the 18th century Britain was a key trader who transported 2.5 million out the 6 million

Animal Characteristics Used in A Dolls House

Animal Characteristics Used in A Dolls House An Analysis of the Significance of Animal Characteristics Used in A Dolls House Reflective Statement Discussion of A Dolls House in class reach me deeply and implored new perspectives on traditional gender roles in different cultures such as Europe in the late 1800s. I relate to Henrik Ibsens humanist work as opposed to A Dolls House being completely feminist. To say A Dolls House is a feminist work would be redundant. Feminism is the fight for the equality of the sexes and Ibsens A Dolls House explores this very theme. Being human is not confined to just being male or female but having characteristics that define an individual. Christines character is a prime example of escapism in the play and the other works weve studied have generally the same motif. In each culture, In this paper, an analysis will be done on Ibsens use of animal characteristics. Throughout the play, the characters Torvald and Nora call to each other and themselves various animals like Lark and Squirrel. On occasion, Ibsens A Dolls House has been referred to as a feminist work and although themes of feminism are present, the overall effect Ibsen makes is a humanist perspective of the characters lives. The significance of animal characteristics shows a development in Noras character and introduces the type of man Torvald is. Ibsen also uses animal characteristics to reveal the deeper relationship between Nora and Torvald. Verbal irony is conveyed through the use of animal characteristics. The play opens with Nora coming upon the stage laden with Christmas gifts for the children, a horse and sword, trumpets and dolls and cradles. Although the items are tiny things, inexpensive and useless it conveys how much love Nora has. She carries also a little bag of macaroons that she hides w hen Torvald questions her about. The initial thought of Nora is she spends exuberant amounts of money and is rightfully called a spendthrift by Torvald. Noras character can be interpreted as charming and dishonest, always flitting, never resting, light-hearted, inconsequent airhead. The entrance of Christines character reveals Noras dark secret and her character no longer seems transparent. Free. To be free, absolutely free. To spend time playing with the children. To have a clean, beautiful house, the way Torvald likes it. Nora tells Christine that she will be free after she has paid off her debt to Krogstad. her anticipated freedom symbolizes her need to be independent of Torvald. Within that, Nora highlights the factors that constrain her. Although she claims that freedom will give her time to be a mother and a traditional wife that maintains a beautiful home as her husband likes it, she leaves her children and Torvald at the end of the play. One main theme of the play is that t rue freedom cannot be found in a traditional domestic lifestyle. Noras character develops intricately and her understanding of the word free is changes clearly. Nora becomes aware of the fact that she must change her life to find true freedom, and Nora recognizes that freedom includes independence from societal constraints and her ability to examine in depth her own personality, goals, and beliefs.The characteristics of a lark signify that Torvald believes that Nora is small compared to the his perspective. That is like a woman!you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. (Ibsen p. 2) To explore the relationship between Nora and all the other characters one must see that not only did Torvald treat women like children, he also treats lesser men in the workplace as expendable and replaceable. But instead of Krogstad, you could dismiss some other clerk.. He exerts his dominance over others, running over the thoughts and feelings of surrounding humans. Its a sweet little bi rd, but it gets through a terrible amount of money. You wouldnt believe how much it costs a man when hes got a little song-bird like you! Nora express the conclusion she draws from the deep reality of their marriage her view of Torvalds character at the end of Act Three. I have existed merely to perform tricks for you, Torvald. But you wanted it like that. You and father have committed a great sin against me. It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life. Our home has been nothing but a playroom. I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was papas doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it great fun when you played with me, just as they thought it great fun when I played with them. That is what our marriage has been, Torvald. She realizes her life has been a performance and she has acted the part of the happy, child-like wife for Torvald and for her father. Nora sees that her father and Torvald pressured her to behave a certain way and recognizes i t to be great wrong that stifled her development as an adult and as a human being. She has made nothing of her life because she has existed only to please men. Following this realization, Nora leaves Torvald in order to make something of her life and becomes independent of other people. Nora has an underlining care for her husband because she reacts abruptly when Nils tries to blackmail her. She understands how important appearance is for Helmer but she resents the way hes been treating her. How painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether. (Ibsen p.9) You dont talk or think like the man I could bind myself to. When your first panic was over not about what threatened me, but about what might happen to you and when there was no more danger, then, as far as you were concerned, it was just as if nothing had happened at all. I was simply your little songbird, your doll, and from now on you would handle it more gently than ever because it was so delicate and fragile. At that moment, Torvald, I realized that for eight years Id been living her with a strange man and that Id borne him three children. Oh, I cant bear to think of it I could tear myself to little pieces! Bibliography A Dolls House Ibsen, Henrik. Global Classics, 1879.

Uploadng Your Brain Essay -- essays research papers

UPLOADING YOUR BRAIN†¦ "I'm sorry, Jim, but I just don't think it's right for a man's atoms to be scattered all over creation and then brought back together again. It's just not right." (Character, Dr. Leonard McCoy, original Star Trek series) I wonder what Bones would have to say about swallowing, or being injected with billions of microscopic robots, or nanobots, to enter into a three dimensional cyberspace - a virtual reality environment or to enable him to live forever? In an article that could be taken from a Star Trek: Voyager script, I think Dr. Kurzweil is proposing the coming of the perpetual human as a result of nanobot technology. I guess it's not that strange a conception for science and sci-fi to be bedfellows. It's actually quite exciting to see some of the fantastic ideas once seen only in the entertainment media come to fruition. I just wish they'd work on the teleporting theory so that commuting would become a thing of the past. It would sure help the ozone layer. In due time, I suppose, but I don't know if I'm ready for an energizer bunny type of human being. Neural implants are now being used to counteract tremors from Parkinson's disease as well as multiple sclerosis. Cochlear implants are helping the deaf to hear and a retinal implant is now underway in the hopes that the blind may one day see again, or for the first time. Along those lines, Dr. Kurzweil, believes that nanobot based implants will enhance the human brain and in effect I believe, create a race of super intelligent humans. At present, the nanobots cannot be made small enough. But he states that in 30 years we will be able to miniaturize (shades the movies Fantastic Voyage and Inner Space) them and send billions of the blood cell sized scanning machines through every capillary of the brain to create a complete noninvasive scan of our every neural feature. Perhaps noninvasive on a physical level, but what about our emotional and spiritual levels? Right now we find our rights being stepped on more and more as the federal government takes control of areas in which we should be governing ourselves. When governments, extremist groups and terrorists get hold of this of kind of technology the results will be devastating. Mind boggling, if you will. Instead of bugging your phone or house you could be slipped a "nanobot mickey" and the "spy nanobots"... ...l your thoughts and actions. Talk about the ultimate violation. They could be put in the food or water supply of an entire population. Forget cryogenics or cloning. If you combine cybernetic and nanobot technologies you could upload your knowledge and experiences into a computer and then be put into a cybernetic body (the Bionic Man/Woman meet Bicentennial Man) you could, quite conceivably, live forever. But, would you want to? I might if I could outrun a car and eat all the cheeseburgers and chocolate cake I wanted without gaining an ounce! Seriously, though, I doubt that I would. I personally do not feel comfortable with the human race having access to this kind of knowledge. We're not exactly the most stable of species. I want to live my 'natural' life in my biological body as I was meant to. Not some man made super body. Dr. Kurzweil regards the freeing of the human mind from its severe physical limitations as a necessary next step in evolution. He sees it as moving us inexorably closer to becoming like God. Maybe God had a very good reason for our physical limitations. No, I'd rather take the natural, age-old approach to God myself - dying as we were meant to do.